What are the basic command of Linux?
What are the basic command of Linux?
Linux commands are essential for navigating and interacting with the Linux operating system via the command-line interface (CLI). Here are some of the basic and commonly used Linux commands:
ls – List Files:
List files and directories in the current directory.
pwd – Print Working Directory:
Display the current working directory.
cd – Change Directory:
Change the current directory.
Example: cd /path/to/directory
mkdir – Make Directory:
Create a new directory.
Example: mkdir new_directory
rmdir – Remove Directory:
Delete an empty directory.
Example: rmdir empty_directory
touch – Create Empty File:
Create an empty file or update the access timestamp of an existing file.
Example: touch new_file.txt
rm – Remove:
Delete files and directories.
Example: rm file.txt, rm -r directory
cp – Copy:
Copy files and directories.
Example: cp file.txt /destination_directory
mv – Move (or Rename):
Move or rename files and directories.
Example: mv old_file.txt new_file.txt, mv file.txt /destination_directory
cat – Concatenate and Display:
View the contents of a file.
Example: cat file.txt
less – View File Content (Page by Page):
View file contents interactively, one page at a time.
Example: less file.txt
more – View File Content (Page by Page):
Similar to less, view file contents page by page.
Example: more file.txt
head – Display First Lines:
Show the first lines of a file.
Example: head file.txt
tail – Display Last Lines:
Display the last lines of a file.
Example: tail file.txt
nano or vi – Text Editors:
Open text editors for creating and editing files.
Example: nano new_file.txt, vi file.txt
man – Manual Pages:
Access the manual pages for a command to learn more about its usage.
Example: man ls
grep – Search Text:
Search for text patterns in files or output using regular expressions.
Example: grep pattern file.txt
find – Search for Files and Directories:
Search for files and directories in the file system.
Example: find /path/to/search -name filename
ps – Process Status:
View information about running processes.
Example: ps aux
kill – Terminate Processes:
Terminate or send signals to processes.
Example: kill -9 process_id
chmod – Change File Permissions:
Change file permissions to control who can read, write, or execute a file.
Example: chmod 755 file.txt
chown – Change File Owner:
Change the owner of a file or directory.
Example: chown newowner file.txt
These are some of the most basic Linux commands, and mastering them is a good starting point for working with Linux. As you become more familiar with the Linux course in Chandigarh command-line interface, you can explore more advanced commands and features to enhance your productivity.
What are shells in Linux?
In Linux and Unix-like operating systems, a “shell” refers to a command-line interface (CLI) or a text-based user interface that allows users to interact with the operating system by entering and executing commands. The shell interprets the commands you enter and carries out the requested tasks. Shells play a fundamental role in the way users interact with Linux systems. There are several different shells available for Linux, but the most commonly used ones are:
Bash (Bourne-Again Shell)
Bash is one of the most popular and widely used shells in Linux. It’s the default shell for many Linux distributions. Bash is highly versatile and provides extensive features, scripting capabilities, and a rich set of commands.
Sh (Bourne Shell)
The Bourne Shell, often referred to as “sh,” is one of the earliest Unix shells and serves as a minimalistic and lightweight option. It lacks some of the advanced features found in shells like Bash but is suitable for scripting and automation tasks.
Zsh (Z Shell)
Zsh is an extended shell that includes features like advanced auto-completion, improved scripting capabilities, and customizable prompts. It’s known for its user-friendly enhancements and can be a powerful interactive shell.
Fish (Friendly Interactive Shell)
Fish is designed to be user-friendly with features like syntax highlighting, auto-suggestions, and a simplified scripting language. It’s ideal for users who want a more approachable shell experience.
Ksh (KornShell)
Ksh is a powerful and versatile shell with a rich set of scripting features. It’s often used in commercial Unix systems and for complex automation tasks.
Dash: Dash is a minimalistic shell designed for efficiency and quick script execution. It’s commonly used for system boot scripts and other situations where speed is crucial.
The choice of which shell to use depends on your preferences and requirements. Bash is the default on many Linux training in Chandigarh distributions, making it a familiar and reliable choice for most users. However, more specialized tasks or particular user needs might benefit from the features of other shells. You can switch between available shells or set your default shell based on your preferences.
Shells are a vital component of the Linux command-line interface, allowing users to navigate the file system, run commands, and automate tasks. They also support scripting, making it possible to create custom programs and automate various system-related tasks.
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